Vinegaroons (Uropygi: Mastigoproctus tohono) in a multi-predator/multi-prey system: Prey, predators, and cannibalism

Vinegaroons are members of a guild apex arthropod predators in the high desert grasslands southeastern Arizona. Despite their importance as major ecosystem, almost nothing is known about potential prey, predators, or competitors. We evaluated predator-prey relationships vinegaroons and 30 species 27 detailed interactions among three taxa predator guild. With few exceptions, overpowered preyed on most prey within suitable size range, were immune to predation, appeared be dominant with other members. Their vulnerable life stages first two free-living instar stages, whereas adults fourth individuals not by any active same areas times vinegaroons. Third crucial transition stage which they had but also large enough that required capturing many items grow sufficiently molt instar. In general observation was when predation occurred, larger individual usually prevailed irrespective taxon. Cannibalism adult does occur under natural conditions contrast placed together artificial stressful situations. smallest instars appears likely might partially explain why solitary spend minimal time foraging.